Pre 1914 Poetry William Blake Essay

These sonnets ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ and Holy Thursday (blamelessness) are determined to Ascension Day in an assistance in St. Paul’s church. This was an exceptional event for the vagrants who originated from London Charity Schools. The ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ sonnet can be deciphered in two distinct manners. The impression we get from the outset is that the vagrants are dealt with well and they have glad existences yet in the wake of perusing ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ you begin to understand that there is a negative method of understanding a similar sonnet. This view demonstrates the vagrants to be abused and exceptionally troubled. The expression ‘their blameless countenances clean’ proposes youngsters that are by and large very much cared for instead of being deserted and meandering the roads of London. There is a proposal that the youngsters have mates, are polite and have a feeling of request by the line ‘the kids strolling two by two’ This is additionally added to by the expression ‘In red, blue and green’ which suggests that they were wearing splendid, savvy outfits as opposed to clothes. The youngsters have heavenly watchmen to sustain and secure them, as inferred by the lines ‘Grey-headed beadles strolled before’ who have ‘wands’ are depicted ‘as white as snow’ which causes us to feel that these are charmed gatekeepers who are unadulterated and mysterious. Another expression that adds to this is the sentence ‘Wise watchmen to the poor’. There is further reference to the great work that the gatekeepers are doing when William Blake utilizes the term ‘Multitudes of lambs’ suggesting the watchmen are shepherding and controlling honest animals. Lambs invokes the picture of creatures all gathered creation sure that they are generally protected. The vagrants are alluded to as blossoms in the subsequent section, suggesting fragile, common and lovely. Blossoms mean harmony suggesting that the kids are amiable. ‘Seated in organizations they sit’ like great polite students in a school, to state their temperament is quiet and tranquil as opposed to boisterous and unruly. Their god-dreading nature is inferred by the words ‘raising their honest hands’ presumably alluding to supplication as they are cheerful and enthusiastic. In the last section William Blake is stating the youngsters appreciate going to chapel, supplicating and singing psalms as †like a forceful breeze they speak more loudly of song.Overall the sonnet has a vivacious musicality with pace to give it a beat and smoothness. Presently I will investigate ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ sonnet. In the main verse Blake depicts England as a nation which is ‘rich and fruitful’. This would give off an impression of being his own understanding of life in England yet this announcement can be deciphered in various manners. Blake could have implied that England is wealthy in that there is foods grown from the ground yet it is poor as a result of the measure of vagrants. He utilizes ‘holy’ to construe that England is a Christian Country and inquires as to why children ought to be decreased to wretchedness and took care of and cared for by individuals who don’t care for them ‘Cold and usurious hand?’. In the second refrain he poses three logical inquiries. We know ‘the trembling cry’ isn’t a melody and that whatever is crying is presumably alone and perhaps shouting out for help. ‘Can it be a tune of joy?’ Maybe it could be a tune of euphoria for the supported rare sorts of people who live in the rich and productive land however for the numerous poor youngsters wandering the lanes of London it isn’t. ‘It is a place that is known for poverty’. In the past sonnet ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ he says that the youngsters ‘raise to paradise the voice of song’. He clearly accepts that melodies can lift a soul and in ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ it harms him, that there are no tunes of happiness going heavenwards structure youngsters who are so unadulterated. Ordinarily to perceive how rich a nation a nation is you measure the measure of riches the nation yet here Blake is estimating the satisfaction by inquiring as to whether their singing which is typically an indication of bliss from kids. The third verse portrays their satisfaction regarding the atmosphere. Their lives resemble a spot where the; ‘sun does never sparkle. Also, their fields are dreary and bare.’ In the third line he differentiates their excursion through existence with that of Christ’s crown of thistles. The picture this reflects is of an excruciating path through life. Also, the following line is resounded in a later work by C.S Lewis who utilizes the term unceasing winter to mean a spot, similar to Siberia, that is deplorably tragic and where joy doesn't exist. This allegory makes us mindful that there will never be any delight of warmth in their lives and that sincerely they are totally deprived and genuinely kept from adoration. In the last section he again alludes to nature and the climate to depict a circumstance where everything would be okay and ‘Babe cam never hunger there’. This totally neglects to show the genuine motivation behind why those kids are poor. Downpour and daylight won’t get them out of the crushing neediness that they are in. It is basically utilized as a representation to change the children’s circumstance from interminable winter to dry warm summer in which they would have all the earmarks of being glad. All through the sonnet there is an absence of shading and depiction so it is hard to evoke any picture other than of a dark dreary scene, where dim individuals and dim kids exist in a general public that doesn’t esteem them. In ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ he utilizes graphic words, for example, ‘clean’, ‘two by two’, ‘red’,’ blue’, ‘green’ and ‘as white as snow’ to evoke an image of London that is very unique. Blake additionally gives off an impression of being assaulting the congregation in different sonnets for its magnificence and riches yet additionally its absence of mankind and consciousness of the ‘multitudes of lambs’ which could be directed to the butcher and wretchedness of destitution. Perusing the ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ causes you to rethink the sonnet ‘Holy Thursday (blamelessness) and its methodology. In a negative this is my interpretation.In the main refrain it is inferred that the a great many vagrants are being made to scour their faces clean so much that it harms. This tidiness of the youngsters is just a fa㠯⠿â ½ade to give a decent impression when the expression ‘their guiltless countenances clean’ shows up. This infers the youngsters are trained and controlled. This establishes a decent connection with the carers. This is additionally show ‘in red and blue and green’ on the grounds that it shows that they are being made to wear a uniform. Being compelled to wear outfits implies that the vagrants additionally lose their singularity. ‘Grey-headed beadles strolled before’ could show that these ‘carers’ are terrible individuals who request the youngsters around and make them walk ‘two and two’ like in the military. This likewise infers these awful individuals are self important in light of the fact that they just take care of themselves and they may just be taking care of the youngsters for additional cash. These military officials have sticks to beat the youngsters with as it says ‘with wands as white as snow.’ This thought of the kids being a piece of a military power is supported up by the statement ‘seated in organizations they sit.’ Because the military is separated off into organizations, they remain in a specific request and they are faithful. ‘These blossoms of London town’ infers that the youngsters are blameless and unadulterated however like blossoms they will in the long amazing. Blossoms are additionally defenseless and effectively demolished. The correlation between the gatherings of youngsters and the ‘multitudes of lambs’ infers that the vagrants like the lights, bunch together like unadulterated blameless animals. The picture of the sheep additionally represents the possibility of helplessness and penance. Like the sheep the vagrants are compelled to do what the carers instruct them to do, and may confront an early demise as survivors of a barbarous world. ‘Thousands of young men and girls’ recommends that there are any poor vagrants who are destitute. This shows there is a huge size of neediness. The vagrants argue for help by ‘raising their blameless hands.’ ‘Like a relentless wind†¦voice of song’ infers that the breeze resembles a dangerous typhoon prepared to clear their lives away. Amusingly the ‘wise gatekeepers of the poor’ are there to take care of the vagrants for the cash and are not worried about the vagrants by any means. The musicality of the sonnet in this negative view is a like a severe military walk.

Role of Exposure and Activity Involvement †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Role of Exposure and Activity Involvement. Answer: Presentation From the distinctive showcasing channel and wanted blend of instruments gather to bring some idea and publicize the individual and business selling and advertising which is considered as Marketing Communication. Sponsorship, advancement and advertising are the components of these principles and with the showcasing conveying instrument a superior market direction can be supported around here procedure. Publicizing is a paid from of showcasing correspondence that associations representative so as to legitimately impart messages to the current just as potential clients. A portion of the medium that publicizing use in todays worldwide setting has developed and developed exponentially with the progression of innovation. Radio, TV or hoardings are customary type of publicizing computerized promoting stages like business site; web based life and so forth is likewise assuming a significant job in the IMC methodologies of an association (Belch et al 2014). IMC is Integrated Marketing Communication it is the arrangement or methodology an organization defines to impart the shoppers thoughts, item advancement and so forth. Promoting is a method of mass correspondence and is an essential piece of IMC (Fill and Turnbull 2016). As indicated by the AIDA model of publicizing and promoting, the way toward promoting must follow four stages consideration, intrigue, choice and activity. Promoting is utilized to make mindfulness among the purchasers of an item or administration and so as to do so it needs to appropriately arranged and sorted out (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Promoting makes intrigue and thusly grows needs also (Kelley and Jugenheimer 2015). For instance: there are a few items that individuals don't realize exist except if it is publicized. Promoting is answerable for making a brand picture too, this is an idea of marking where the organization workers through different methods of showcasing so as to make a recognition in the psyches of the individuals with respect to a brand (Moriarty et al 2014). For instance: Mac Donalds, all the advertisements and jingles of Mac Donalds depict a glad time with loved ones as that is the picture the organization needs to make. The above is the solid hypothesis of promoting as it accept that with the assistance of publicizing changes can be accomplished in a positive manner. It gives data about the brand and makes mindfulness among the steadfast and potential clients. It carries on like an instrument for influence from the benefit of the organization to utilize their items or administrations over different contenders (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The solid hypothesis is known as the psychological methodology and is generally famous in North America. Issues with the hypothesis is that brands have a bigger piece of the pie sell and advance their products and ventures additionally representing a disadvantageous situation for the opposition. Then again, in the week hypothesis Ehrenberg h as contended that change can't be delivered with the assistance of publicizing as it is reliant on standard of conduct of an individual (Fill and Turnbull 2016). It says that it improves the degree of information yet it doesn't affect on the buy conduct of the shoppers. This methodology is known as the behaviorist approachand is well known in Australia, NZ and UK. These speculations are significant as it gives an establishment for advertisers to plan system and imaginative thoughts for promoting (Belch et al 2014). These speculations impact battles as it coordinates the advertisers in defining the imaginative thoughts. Promoting is the procedure of mass correspondence that encourages an organization to interface with the end customers, outsider associations are employed so as to methodologies and actualize the publicizing of a brand (Moriarty et al 2014). The media scene with the assistance of advanced innovations have basically modified the nature and capacity of media in the general public Marketing media correspondence has created and improved massively in the previous decade. The appearance of advanced promoting is a benchmark change that has occurred in the ongoing years (Ashley and Tuten 2015). There is an organization that offers support for every one of the sub headings of showcasing correspondence for instance: media arranging office, promoting offices, PR offices and so on (Tuten and Solomon 2014). A portion of the customary advertising media are: TV, radio, prints advancement, OOH (out of home) announcements and hoardings, direct showcasing and press (Fill and Turnbull 2016). With advancement in innovation strategies and approaches towards the showcasing portion has likewise a changed for good. The decision of medium wherein advertising can be representative has additionally changed and with the different administrations in the showcasing part. In the last 5years online networking has become the new method of correspondence and advertisers utilize this stage enormously so as to arrive at the objective client (Bacile et al 2014). The ascent of media is separated issue that incorporates the conduct approach of individuals and included clients to purchase new items. This is a sort of perspective that engaged with the regular way of individuals those progressions by age (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Old paper has changed into computerized paper, presentation of tablets and magazines are significant part of media and that turn down the effect of TV also. Radio and Television broadcasting has changed and therefore the immediate promoting has come up by the impact o f online networking and distribution. Each one of those old organizations have been change into new one so the customers are likewise purchased those items to include and get by in present day advertise (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Advanced boards, promoting on the web, radio publicizing improvement in innovation and so forth are a portion of the new showcasing systems. Skippable advertisements and non-skipable promotions, misleading content sources, online battles are a portion of the new ideas that have created in the most recent decade and has picked up unmistakable quality over the most recent 10 years (Scott 2015). In the further the change is likewise subject to the innovation and there can be at any second an advancement development like online networking which may open different entryways of correspondence. As the compass and paces of publicizing in the advanced gathering has additionally decreased altogether. There are non-payable strategies for advertising in the advanced sta ge too yet that isn't unreasonably effective (Tuten and Solomon 2014). Accordingly the need from being imaginative in the methodology of showcasing is significant. Imagination is basic as it makes a review an incentive for the item or administration. For instance it is regularly observed that individuals recall a jingle or a scene structure a promotion which is ten or fifteen years of age (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The qualities of promoting are likewise advancing with the adjustment in the medium, the way of life of the individuals is additionally changing and there is a ton of time requirement which makes it significant for to be innovative (Ashley and Tuten 2015). The expense of media relies upon the different variables like: reach, kind of medium, sway, factors remembered for the work and so forth. The focal point of media utilization estimation from TRP has changed to perspectives and snaps the significance of conventional promoting medium has not decreased because of the appearance of digitalization however for organizations a plenty of choices of advertising has opened. Supporting is fundamentally supporting a reason or exertion with financial or some other methods. The term is typically connected with non-benefit extends yet it is additionally a method of promoting. It is basically an understanding in the middle of two business substances. It is a commonly helpful relationship in the middle of the association and the support (Fill and Turnbull 2016). This is a kind of showcasing device that can be related with publicizing that tries to perceive itself with a distributer, occasion or cause. For instance an organization that makes sports pieces of clothing support games which helps the organization assembles more attention to the objective market of the item or administration (Donovan et al 2016). Sponsorship enables an organization to fabricate a picture by partner with occasions and causes that are significant for the discernment the organization needs to construct. An organization or a brand would utilize this procedure when the brand needs to saved mindfulness about any item improvement or thought. At the point when the organization additionally needs to reposition the brand then a the organization can decide to connect with an occasion which will be related with for instance a brand that needs to set up itself as a revolutionary it can decide to pick a performance as opposed to an altruistic occasion, sponsorship likewise enables an organization to advance beyond the opposition in the market as it enables the organization to gather more consideration from existing or potential clients. There are a few viewpoints or components for the fruitful sponsorship as this is the purpose for the arranging and execution. Increasing the value of the extend and mirror the positive impact from the work is the key models that remembers supports by hitting the right situating in a few times (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The reasonable destinations is significant for defining an objective and that includes all the concentration and focus that gave by association to fulfill the supporters. Actuation plan and sponsorship right circumstance is the best increase that correct holders have for the advancement of the association (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Estimating the outcome is likewise significant as the quality sponsorship is required for the expert methodology as the outcome has done by the specific loom along these lines there are high odds of keeping up effective supporters in business. It likewise encourages the organization to increase a decent notoriety just as altruism for the organization (Grohs and Reisinger 2014). It enables an advertiser to fortify its situation in the market, sponsorship helps in all the manners in which some other methods for promoting would encourage an organization. The validity of the support then again is additionally liable for the achievement or disappointment of the methodology. S

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I know what you are thinking . . . the January 5th admission deadline has passed, now I can kick my feet up and wait for my admission decision in March.   While this might be one possible option, it is not the option I recommend. It is no secret, attending graduate school can be expensive.   The time to look into financing your education is not after you get an offer of admission, it is now.   It is a terrible feeling to get an offer of admission and only then realize you might not be able to attend due to financing. My advice is that if you have not started already, that you set aside time each week to research issues related to the cost of graduate school and the payment options available. There are many kinds of aid available including: Institutional funding provided by SIPA External Scholarships (i.e. Fulbright, Pickering) Federal Loans (for U.S. citizens and permanent residents) Private Loans Work Study Grants Sponsorship funds from agencies/organizations Most SIPA students utilize a combination of resources to make attending possible.   Each year students bring in several million dollars of funding that does not need to be repaid by researching and applying for funding.   My feeling has always been that applicants should spend twice the amount of time researching financial aid as is spent on the process of applying for admission.   I covered this topic in a past post entitled The Rule of Two. I highly encourage you to review the entry but the analogy used is one that you might have heard before from a teacher.   It is not uncommon to hear a teacher say that for every hour spent in the classroom, at a minimum a successful student will spend two hours outside of the classroom. My feeling about admission and financial aid is the same. At a minimum, one should spend twice as much time researching financial aid options as researching admission to a program.   While SIPA does allocate around $6 million each year on fellowships for students, a limited number of first year students receive funding (around 10-15%). With this in mind, it will benefit you to research costs and other sources of funding so that if admitted you have a plan.   Not having a plan and not having done research is a strategy that most often leads to frustration.   Here are some tips to get you started: •  Check out SIPA’s own fellowship database. We search for scholarships for you and post them to the database.   The database is not SIPA specific.   As we search for and hear about funding, we make the information available to you. •  Use RSS  technology to deliver news to your email account or RSS Reader.   RSS allows for news to be delivered to you without having to go look for it every day.   As an example, Gmail accounts have something called the “Alert” tool and I am sure other providers have the same capability.   All you have to do is put in text for searches and a search engine will perform the searches daily  and deliver news to your email account.   You can type in search terms like “Graduate School Scholarships” or “International Affairs Scholarships.”   You can also utilize an RSS reader.   RSS readers are free and if you do not know what an RSS reader is, click here for a YouTube tutorial. •  Talk to people you know who have gone to graduate school and find out if they were able to find scholarship opportunities. •  Contact people that have written you a letter of recommendation and have them make multiple copies of the recommendation letter and give them to you in sealed envelops so you are ready if a scholarship opportunity arises and there is a tight deadline. • Start to familiarize yourself with the cost of living in New York City.   SIPA is only able to provide housing for approximately 30% of our students and most students must find housing the city.   A great resource to get started is Craigslist.   I recommend signing up for an email feed for NYC apartments.   Following rental trends will help familiarize you with costs around the city. • Familiarize yourself with the payment and billing options available to SIPA students.   You can get started by visiting the Columbia University Student Financial Services home page. I will not say the process of searching for funding and familiarizing yourself with costs is easy and it can take a considerable amount of effort.   However, the sooner you start to look the more doors you will possibly open figuratively and literally.

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I know what you are thinking . . . the January 5th admission deadline has passed, now I can kick my feet up and wait for my admission decision in March.   While this might be one possible option, it is not the option I recommend. It is no secret, attending graduate school can be expensive.   The time to look into financing your education is not after you get an offer of admission, it is now.   It is a terrible feeling to get an offer of admission and only then realize you might not be able to attend due to financing. My advice is that if you have not started already, that you set aside time each week to research issues related to the cost of graduate school and the payment options available. There are many kinds of aid available including: Institutional funding provided by SIPA External Scholarships (i.e. Fulbright, Pickering) Federal Loans (for U.S. citizens and permanent residents) Private Loans Work Study Grants Sponsorship funds from agencies/organizations Most SIPA students utilize a combination of resources to make attending possible.   Each year students bring in several million dollars of funding that does not need to be repaid by researching and applying for funding.   My feeling has always been that applicants should spend twice the amount of time researching financial aid as is spent on the process of applying for admission.   I covered this topic in a past post entitled The Rule of Two. I highly encourage you to review the entry but the analogy used is one that you might have heard before from a teacher.   It is not uncommon to hear a teacher say that for every hour spent in the classroom, at a minimum a successful student will spend two hours outside of the classroom. My feeling about admission and financial aid is the same. At a minimum, one should spend twice as much time researching financial aid options as researching admission to a program.   While SIPA does allocate around $6 million each year on fellowships for students, a limited number of first year students receive funding (around 10-15%). With this in mind, it will benefit you to research costs and other sources of funding so that if admitted you have a plan.   Not having a plan and not having done research is a strategy that most often leads to frustration.   Here are some tips to get you started: •  Check out SIPA’s own fellowship database. We search for scholarships for you and post them to the database.   The database is not SIPA specific.   As we search for and hear about funding, we make the information available to you. •  Use RSS  technology to deliver news to your email account or RSS Reader.   RSS allows for news to be delivered to you without having to go look for it every day.   As an example, Gmail accounts have something called the “Alert” tool and I am sure other providers have the same capability.   All you have to do is put in text for searches and a search engine will perform the searches daily  and deliver news to your email account.   You can type in search terms like “Graduate School Scholarships” or “International Affairs Scholarships.”   You can also utilize an RSS reader.   RSS readers are free and if you do not know what an RSS reader is, click here for a YouTube tutorial. •  Talk to people you know who have gone to graduate school and find out if they were able to find scholarship opportunities. •  Contact people that have written you a letter of recommendation and have them make multiple copies of the recommendation letter and give them to you in sealed envelops so you are ready if a scholarship opportunity arises and there is a tight deadline. • Start to familiarize yourself with the cost of living in New York City.   SIPA is only able to provide housing for approximately 30% of our students and most students must find housing the city.   A great resource to get started is Craigslist.   I recommend signing up for an email feed for NYC apartments.   Following rental trends will help familiarize you with costs around the city. • Familiarize yourself with the payment and billing options available to SIPA students.   You can get started by visiting the Columbia University Student Financial Services home page. I will not say the process of searching for funding and familiarizing yourself with costs is easy and it can take a considerable amount of effort.   However, the sooner you start to look the more doors you will possibly open figuratively and literally.

The Yellow Wallpaper - 898 Words

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in Hartford, Connecticut on July 3, 1860. From the day of her birth, she was a woman ahead of her time. In 1890, she wrote The Yellow Wallpaper a story about a woman who was oppressed by her husband and her illness. This, Gilman’s most famous work, was written from her own experience in life. In 1884, Charlotte Perkins married Charles Walter Stetson and had one daughter. Following the birth of her daughter, she was greatly depressed and took a therapeutic 3 month trip to California. Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell was consulted in 1884 by Mr. Stetson to treat his wife for what was then called hysteria. Dr. Mitchell’s treatment involved complete isolation and the removal of anything that might cause quot;mental†¦show more content†¦In The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator is a woman who has been diagnosed with a quot;temporary nervous depression.quot; Because of her condition, she is restricted by her doctor and her husband from all types of intellectual stimulation. Just like Gilman, the narrator is sent to a large, old country estate for 3 months in the summer to rest and relax, forbidden to write. Throughout the story, she is inside a room with yellow wallpaper. Just as women must do, she had given up on staying in a sunny room downstairs when her husband had dismissed her plea with so much as consideration. She sees patterns in the paper that look like bars and behind the pattern she sees women. The front pattern does move--and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it! Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast , and her crawling shakes it all over. Then in the very bright spots she keeps still, and in the very shady spots she just takes hold of the bars and shakes them hard. And she is trying to climb through that pattern--it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads. (299) In these women, the narrator is seeing herself, but she does not yet know it. The bars are society, the women behind the bars are women like Gilman trying to break free and be strong and independent. Society and men are keeping these women down and strangling them. In the quot;very bright spots,quot; the woman keeps still, andShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper829 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper first appeared in 1892 and became a notary piece of literature for it s historical and influential context. 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Though structuralists’ deny the work of literature any connection to its author (it must be what it is, no underlying meaning) feminist theory must first and foremost be understood in its historical framework. By the turn of the century,Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper3202 Words   |  13 PagesEnglish 1302 22 November 2011 Main Character’s Outsider Theme In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator, Jane, is struggling to deal with her depression that she is suffering in a confined room that her husband, John put her in. John believes that this will cure Jane and make her better from her depression. Instead, Jane is slowly losing herself within the yellow wallpaper in the room causing her to become insane. Jane is not able to express her feelings with her husbandRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1362 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is gothic psychological short story written in journal-style with first-person narrative. Other elements used in the story are symbols, irony, foreshadowing, and imagery. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper is about a woman who suffers from postpartum depression. Her husband, a physician, puts her on â€Å"rest cure of quiet and solitude.† (Wilson 278). This cure consisted of the narrator being confinedRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1466 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminist socialist and a realist novelist capture moments that make their readers rethink life and the world surrounding. Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was first published in 1892, about a white middle-class woman who was confined to an upstairs room by her husband and doctor, the room’s wallpaper imprisons her and as well as liberates herself when she tears the wallpaper off at the end of the story. On the other hand, Craneâ₠¬â„¢s 1893 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the realist account of a New York girlRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper961 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Paper is a symbolic story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It is a disheartening tale of a woman struggling to free herself from postpartum depression. This story gives an account of an emotionally and intellectual deteriorated woman who is a wife and a mother who is struggling to break free from her metal prison and find peace. The post-partum depression forced her to look for a neurologist doctor who gives a rest cure. She was supposed to have a strict bed rest. 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The narrator feels trapped by both her husband and surroundings. The woman she sees behind the wallpaper is a symbol of herself and

The Power Of Women In Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife Of Bath

Magic once ruled the land of Briton, before the time of King Arthur. Not everything was as it seemed, and truth was hidden by a veil of ugliness. When a lusty knight must prove himself to be a gentleman after he rapes a young maiden, he discovers that which every man wants to know: what women truly want. According to the tale told by the Wife of Bath, â€Å"Women desire to have sovereignty/ As well over their husbands as their loves, / And to be in mastery them above† (Chaucer 1044-1046). This statement means that to be masters over their husbands is the ultimate desire of all women. Therefore, the power women have in this time is the power over their husbands, and this power is what they truly desire. However, this is not a common occurrence,†¦show more content†¦This may seem like she is an evil person. She even remarks, â€Å"Oh Lord! The pain I did them and the woe. / And, by God’s sweet pain, they were not guilty!† (389-390). She recognizes their pa in, and understands that she is lying to them and causes them said pain. Yet, in doing this, she also gives them pleasure, as she makes her husbands believe that she is overwhelmingly loyal to them, and only wants to please him. In the end, she gets her way and proves that she has power over them. In her mind, this power is not evil. Alison believes that if God grants a person a gift, they should utilize it to the best of their abilities. Regarding the manipulation, she states that, â€Å"Deceit, weeping, and spinning God did give/ To women by nature, all the time they live† (407-408). If God grants her these powers, how can they be evil? For God is the ultimate judge of what is Good and Evil, and would only give humans good abilities. These thoughts are how Alison justifies her actions. If women are given these powers which are from God, and God is Good, then it is good to use her lies to remain happy. She goes on to prove this through the example of her chastity. Alison use s her powers of manipulation to remain chaste. As a woman, it is her duty according to God to help the human race multiply. Therefore, she is able to state that, â€Å"I am free/ To wed, by God, where it pleases me. / [St. Paul] says to be wedded is not sinning† (55-58). As such, having five husbandsShow MoreRelatedChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales serves as a moral manual in the Middle Ages. In the tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the problems of the society. For instance, Chaucer uses the monk and the friar in comparison to the parson to show what the ecclesiastical class are doing versus what they are supposed to be doing. In other words, it is to make people be aware of these problems. It can be inferred that the author’s main goal is for this literary work to serve as a message to the people along with changing theRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesTales is a set of stories w ritten by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tale. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but most do not. The Prioress, Madame Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, are two characters thatRead MoreSexual Relations in Wife of Bath Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Relations in Wife of Bath Sexual relations between men and woman have created issues of life and death from the beginning of time. 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Each person is represented to fit a unique type of behavior as shown by people during the medieval ages.   My attention was drawn to the Wife of Bath through which Chaucer notes the gender inequalities.   Predominantly, women could either choose to marry and become a childbearing wife or go intoRead MoreEssay on Geoffrey Chaucer1158 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer was born in London, the son of a successful wine merchant. After probably spending many of his childhood days in Londons Vintry, his father did not send him to apprenticeship school, but rather to the aristocratic house of the countess of Ulster. There he trained as a page and learned the mannerisms and skills of the ruling class. After that in1359-60 Chaucer serves in the war in France.1360 Chaucer, captured by the French, is ransomed (for 16 pounds). (Benson, L.D pg 1).ChaucerRead MoreWomen And Male Authority Figures1507 Words   |  7 Pages In the fourteenth century, women were merely seen as subject to male authority figures. A wife was not seen as a competent adult because they were seen as so dependent on their husband (Bennett 104-105). After a marriage anything she owned became possessed by her husband (Bennett 104-105). Women who manipulated their husband and gained control of his assets defied the norm of women’s position in the fourteenth century. The church was a major part of Medieval England and controlled many peoples livesRead MoreChaucer s Canterbury Tales And The Wife Of Bath s Tale1167 Words   |  5 Pagesmoral applies to. For example, Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales: â€Å"The Wife of Bath s Prologue† and â€Å"The Wife of Bath s Tale† , which is written by Geoffrey Chaucer, takes place during the late 5th and early 6th century during King Arthur’s reign of Great Britain. During this era, society was structured in a totally different manner than the society another piece of didactic literature targeted such as Lessons for Women by Bon Zhao. Bon Zhao’s writing applied to the women of the late Ming and Qing dynastyRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales832 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the stereotypes and roles in society are reexamined and made new through the characters in the book. Chaucer discusses different stereotypes and separates his characters from the social norm by giving them highly ironic and/or unusual characteristics. Specifically, in the stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale, Chaucer examines stereotypes of women and men and attempts to define their basic wants and needs. In the Miller’s Tale

Cultural Differences Between Social Systems And Human...

Last semester, I was given a story about am imaginary woman with imaginary research and I had to deem it either ethical or unethical. This for me, was quite easy as in reality this imaginary anthropologist was only in the research for the money. What I did not realize however is that anthropologists are faced with many challenges during their research. Whether it be their own society’s views that shaped how they view the world, or the backlash their ethnography created or even plain and simple cultural differences. Anthropology tries to account for the social and cultural variation in the world, but an important part of any anthropological project, such as an ethnography also consists of understanding similarities between social systems†¦show more content†¦To what extent do all humans, cultures or societies have something in common, and to what extent is each of them unique? Since we naturally like to compare and contrast ideas, we question those terms that are suppo sedly culturally neutral terms like kinship and gender role. It is acknowledged throughout the academia that all or nearly all societies have several features in common. However, many anthropologists challenge this view, and insist on the uniqueness of each culture or society. For anthropological fieldwork, and especially an ethnography, a society or a culture must be understood on its own terms. Anthropologists are, thus, suspicious of any application of a shared, universal scale to be used in the evaluation of every society. In order to pass judgement on the quality of life in a foreign society, we must first try to understand that society from the inside; otherwise, our judgement has a very limited view of the society in which we are studying. What is conceived of as â€Å"the good life† in the society in which we happen to live may not appear attractive at all if it is seen from a different vantage-point. In order to understand people’s lives, it

The Challenges of Big Data for Business - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: What are the ethical and security issues surrounding big data? Answer: Big data is nowadays utilised by many big organisations which uses diverse sources of information to create, develop and store knowledge. Tailored services are provided to the organisations which does not only increase the efficiency of the companies but it is also cost effective. But Big data has been criticized due to its ethical and security issues. As per Martin (2015), Big data has several ethical issues at different levels like at Supply chain level and Industry level. It raises a bunch of ethical issues which are related to piracy, confidentiality, transparency or identity. For example, supply chain sources Big data analysis let the businesses know about the intimate and personal details about people which sometimes create privacy issues. The Big Data analytics are also used to influence the behaviours. It takes the decisions which do not account human involvement (Martin, 2015). The analytics of big data are not 100% accurate which can let the organisations take inappropriate decisions. It also discriminates among the job candidates or in promoting the candidates because automated analysis is done. The retention of huge data for the purpose of analysis may result in the destruction of civil liberties because the privacy has been lost due to big data. The data controllers may misuse the data. There is a framework of Big Data ethics which involves Identity, Privacy, Ownership and Reputation. The companies need to understand these issues and develop adequate approaches to handle them. The technologies should be used properly in der to avoid any ethical issue or to avoid the security conce rns (Nunan Domenico, 2013). References Martin, K E 2015, Ethical Issues in Big Data Industry, MIS Quarterly Executive. Nunan, D Domenico, M D 2013, Market research the ethics of big data, International Journal of Market Research, 55(4):505

10 Teaching Jobs You Can Get Outside the Classroom

10 Teaching Jobs You Can Get Outside the Classroom Just because you’ve decided to become a teacher does not mean you have to get stuck in a K-12 classroom. Maybe you’ve done that already and want to put your teaching skills to use in a different environment. Maybe there simply aren’t any traditional K-12 teaching jobs at the moment. No worries, because there are a number of teaching jobs you can pursue outside the traditional classroom. Here are 10 of them. 1. Daycare TeacherLearning begins before kids ever step foot in a public or private school. Very young children start to get how the world works by playing, socializing with other little ones, and understanding that rules exist even when mommy and daddy aren’t around. All of this kind of learning happens in daycare, and you can be a part of shaping young minds by doing things like organizing creative activities and planning basic lessons.2. At-Home TeacherSome kids are not able to make it into the classroom, as they may be ill, injured, or disabled. So if you want to escape the classroom and enjoy the satisfaction of helping in-need children and engaging in one-on-one learning, you should think about teaching children in their homes or hospitals. Bonus: if you enjoy one-on-one teaching, this is a great gig to explore.3. Homeschool TeacherPhysical issues are not the only reasons that some kids do not take part in a traditional classroom setting. Sometimes parents prefer to have their kids homeschooled but do not have the ability to do the job themselves. That’s where you come in, as a contract homeschool teacher. Again, here’s the chance to work one-on-one or with a small group in a cozy home setting.4. Online K-12 TeacherIf you don’t mind taking on a heavy workload and love the idea of teaching from the comfort of your own home, consider teaching an online K-12 course. K-12 teaching is very competitive, but it is also a growing industry, so you may find yourself increasingly in demand in the coming years.5. Co mmunity College TeacherOpportunities teaching outside the public school classroom do not have to be limited to K-12 students. Higher education may be your calling. If that sounds enticing, look into positions teaching undergraduate courses at a community college or even an online university.6. Private TutorKids who go the traditional school route often need a bit of extra help outside the classroom from private tutors. Tutoring companies don’t tend to pay very well, but you could actually do quite well if you establish your own business. In fact, some tutors actually earn more than public school teachers by charging high hourly rates and working nights and weekends.7. Museum EducatorAre you the creative type? Or maybe you have a love of history or science but can’t stand the thought of standing in front of rows of disinterested high schoolers. A museum would certainly be a more stimulating environment. Museums are often looking for trained teachers to work as on-site e ducators.8. Corporate TrainerChildren and college students are not the only ones who need an education. Adults who work for corporations also need to learn a variety of skills to perform their jobs effectively. If you have a master’s degree in teaching, that’s a very strong qualification for becoming a corporate teacher.9. Prison GED TeacherIf you’re open to unconventional opportunities, think about teaching a GED course to incarcerated adults. Helping prisoners earn their high school equivalency certificates can be an extremely rewarding alternative to traditional K-12 teaching.10. WriterIf you have a love for educating but shudder at the idea of teaching a class or even doing one-on-one educating, writing textbooks and other classroom materials is a great alternative option. Search for freelance writing gigs within your specialty to see if companies are looking to fill a specific niche.As you can see, if you want a break from the classroom but still want the s atisfaction of educating, you can take heart in the fact that there are plenty of options!

A Modern Woman Essays

A Modern Woman Essays A Modern Woman Essay A Modern Woman Essay Essay Topic: The Man Of Mode ‘Wuthering Heights’ deals with the raw animal passion that finds no home within the walls of institutionalized society. Bronte dared to go outside of what Victorian society deemed correct, regarding the presentation of not only Catherine and Heathcliffs love but female sexual desire overall. This is why I believe that Catherine Earnshaws attitudes and behaviours are depicted in a way that makes her to be more of a typical modern woman than of a typical Victorian one. It was widely assumed in the Victorian era that women did not have any sexual desire and were to therefore, stay chaste for their future husband. However, it is possible that Catherine had engaged in, or had expressed her desire to be in a sexual relationship with Heathcliff when she states, ‘I am Heathcliff’ as D. H. Lawrence expresses in his book, ‘The Divine Heroine’ that when two people engage in a sexual relationship they became, ‘two in one’; the same person. If Edgar Linton believed that Catherine was not chaste, it is likely he would not have married her in conformation with the Victorian society’s norms. Ultimately, it is Catherine’s intense love for Heathcliff that sets her apart from a typical Victorian woman; their love defies the status quo and is a faux- pas in the elitist attitude of the Victorian mind. This is because Heathcliff is not from wealth, in fact, he is the opposite; he was a poor beggar who was lifted from the streets and is now a servant. During this era, a woman married only for money and for social-class and their suitor was often chosen by their fathers or brothers if the former was deceased. This is evident in ‘Wuthering Heights’ as although, he doesn’t choose Linton for his sister, Hindley does wish that she will marry him and therefore gives his permission. It is in this sense that Catherine is a typical Victorian woman; she explains to Ellen Dean that, ‘My love for Linton is like foliage in the woods, time will change it, Im well aware†¦ My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath’, even though she knows her love for Linton will change and compares not to her love for Heathcliff, she marries him anyway for his money and for her inevitable heightened social class, ‘I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood’. Victorian women were to be weaker than their husbands physically, but morally, they were expected to excel, surpassing the morality of their counter-parts. Again, this is an area in which Catherine’s typical modern woman attributes outweigh those of the typical Victorian woman. A moral Victorian woman is to speak kindly to all she communicates with and refrain from violence at all times. Catherine clearly defies these expectations often speaking violently to her maid Nelly, ‘you lying creature’ and exhibiting physical violence toward her also, she ‘snatched the cloth from my hand, and pinched me, with a prolonged wrench’. In addition to this, Catherine’s immorality is exposed via her daring to love two men and in making little effort to conceal her feelings for Heathcliff from her husband by inviting him over often and upon seeing him allowed her cheeks to, ‘glow’ and, flinging her arms around her husband’s neck and exclaimed, ‘Heathcliffs come back- he is! ’. Catherine’s behaviour displayed here is far off the mark of Victorian morality as each woman is to give herself to her husband completely and devote her life to enhancing his. It was a wife’s duty to take care of all the domestic chores around the house and raise any of their daughters to take after their mothers in being the perfect wife. In conclusion- they were expected to be the ‘angel of the house’. However, Catherine’s lack of morality and domesticity prevents her from fulfilling this label and Bronte perhaps makes us aware of this from the beginning of the novel; ‘Wuthering Heights’ means ‘rejection from heaven’, from this we can deduce that this also means rejection from heaven’s forms also, such as angels and thus foreshadows the fact that Catherine will never be an ‘angel of the house’ or of any other kind. In addition to this, a typical modern woman or angel of the house was to meekly accept and be fully prepared to follow her husband’s instruction without question or complaint. Again, this is a typical Victorian attribute that Catherine does not possess. She cares little for her husband and his feelings saying, he ‘began to cry: so I got up and left him’. She also exhibits a lack of respect for him and speaks to him, ‘in a tone particularly calculated to provoke her husband. ’ I believe that Catherine Earnshaw is a personification of the effects of the rise of feminism, a movement that started in a group named the ‘Suffriges’ in the 1860s but soon took off as the ‘Suffragettes’ in 1903. From this, women gained more independence in all spheres of life outside the domestic one which they had been confined too previously. They were now entitled to equal pay, professional job opportunities, the right to vote and education. Overall, the result was increased power for women. Catherine has been well educated and despite societal norms, attempts to teach Heathcliff what shes learnt. She also holds a lot of power in the novel, over most over characters. It is her power and dominancy that makes her more a typical modern woman than a typical Victorian one. Among these attributes, Catherine has a fiery temper and makes it known to all who disagree with or infuriate her. This makes her very much an atypical Victorian woman and allows her to fall again into the typical modern woman category as before Freud’s research, women in particular were to repress their emotions and refrain from speaking about themselves, however, Freud’s research concluded that the act of repression was the root cause for many mental and physical illnesses and from then forth, it was recommended that people expressed their feelings as Catherine has evidently shown may times throughout the novel. Ellen Dean, Catherines maid describes her as a ‘haughty’ headstrong character. It is clear that although she tries to conform to society’s norms during her time at Thrushcross Grange, Catherine simply wishes to be free and happy on the moors and be liberated from a world full of social judgement. Whether she has born or bred this way, it is clear that Catherine does not fit into the mould of a typical Victorian woman.

Explain how the company's global strategy operates Research Paper

Explain how the company's global strategy operates - Research Paper Example People visit Starbucks owing to its reputation and the status symbol it has built for itself. The business model of Starbucks is a well-repudiated and successful one worldwide. The report throws light on the success of the international strategies that are undertaken by the company and also examines the position of the company in the global market. The coffee giant has also encountered with a lot of challenges in the international as well as the national market. The last section of the report regards certain recommendations to overcome the challenges that are faced by the company in the international market (Speiser, 2003). Starbucks Corporation Starbucks Corporation is a global coffee giant and coffee house chain which is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It is the largest coffee company in world that owns around 20,891 coffee stores in sixty-three countries worldwide. In United States (US), it has 13,279 stores and target to channelize their services to every corner of the worl d with coffee and merchandise. The Starbucks coffee shops offers cold and hot beverages, bean coffee, full leaf teas, pastries and snacks. Apart from these, Starbucks also provides with entertainment products such as books, film and music CDs. The ice cream brand of Starbucks is also offered at the grocery stores (Peng, 2009). Every day billions of people worldwide sip into the coffee mugs at Starbucks at any time of the day just to enjoy the taste of the coffee with their friends, families and loved ones. There has been an increase in demand in coffee industry and with it the competition has increased. The main competition in the coffee industry started in 2007 after the sales of coffee rose up to 50% (Burritt, 2007). Thus, Starbucks have faced certain challenges from their competitors. Global Strategy of Starbucks Corporation The global strategies that are developed by the company can be explained through the expansion plans and more which are explained in this section. Competitiv e Strategy Starbucks concentrates on serving a niche segment of consumers which the rivals are incapable of doing. Starbucks attracts coffee lovers and even non-lovers of coffee by providing brewed coffee and delicious snacks and ice creams which are unbeatable in their standards. The gossip over the coffee and snacks are much enjoyed when it is in Starbucks as the environment is very comfortable. Thus, the company concentrates more on comfort of the customers so that they feel at home and visit the shops often (Virginia’s community colleges, 2013). Four Fold Strategy The Starbucks chain has inserted the booming coffee culture in the American urban society easily with the four fold strategy which is as follows: a. Market segmentation: The Company has planned for market segmentation plan after making a rigorous market research. The market research included the tastes and preferences of the people. The company has always maintained its high position in the coffee market. It com petes with its rivals on the grounds of comfort and not in terms of convenience. The closest competitors are Dunkin Donuts and McDonald (Ghemawat, 2007). b. A superb leadership: The founder of the company, Howard Schultz has worked hard for innovating products which will attract

Discuss the impact on British Society of the cultural revolution of Essay

Discuss the impact on British Society of the cultural revolution of the 1960s - Essay Example When social historians refer to "The Sixties", it is rare that they are talking about the decade in its entirety or that decade exclusively. For example, some claim that the sixties began, as a cultural phenomenon, in 1963. A convincing case can be made in support of this. Events such as the assassination of President Kennedy, Martin Luther Kings "Dream Speech", the debut albums of both The Beatles and Bob Dylan immediately appear as cultural turning points. 1963 appears to be the point at which civil rights, counter/youth culture and a new, somewhat alien mentality began to emerge into the mainstream consciousness. In spite of this, Marwick has argued that it is impossible to view the phenomenon in a "hermetically sealed" time frame, and that it truly began in the late fifties, and came to its conclusion in the early seventies. This is compatible with the idea that 1963 was important, indeed Marwick suggests it marks the beginning of the "High Sixties", but we must also acknowledge the gathering momentum of change in the years leading up to this point. Thus, the period of the Long Sixties I will be discussing here refers to 1958-1974. A far more difficult definition comes with the terms "cultural" and "revolution". To further complicate matters, when the two are used together, we can turn them into a proper noun, as with Mao Zedongs Cultural Revolution. Thus, it is important for us to differentiate between that Cultural Revolution, and Cultural Revolution in the far broader terms we are describing here. Was this a collective movement towards a universalistic revolution, or were individuals campaigning for their own singular interests? So what is a revolution, and, perhaps more pertinently, what is a culture? Revolution is a term which appears with startling regularity in world history, and has been applied to many different things. In this case, revolution refers to a paradigm shift

Upper Respiratory Infections: Causes and Properties

Upper Respiratory Infections: Causes and Properties Robert Middleton Case Study:Â  Upper Respiratory Infections Nature of Upper Respiratory Infections The upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, and trachea and diseases are named for the anatomical sites that are involved with the infection. Sinusitis is named for the inflammation and infection of the sinus cavity; pharyngitis, the inflammation and infection of the throat; laryngitis, the inflammation of the larynx; and tonsillitis, the infection and inflammation of the tonsils. Many times because the infections affect several sites at the same time, the infections can be grouped under either rhinopharyngitis or tonsillopharyngitis. Rhinopharyngitis is a viral disease that causes the inflammation of the pharynx and mucous membranes inside the nose, increasing the production of mucous. Additional symptoms may include coughing, fever, headache, and fatigue, if left untreated, infection could lead to viral or bacterial pneumonia. Tonsillopharyngitis is a bacterial or viral disease that causes the inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx, when caused by group A streptococcal bacteria, it is called strep throat. Common symptoms include sore throat, inflammation of the tonsils, high fever, headache, pain in the ears and neck, and fatigue. Causative Agents and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis of Upper Respiratory Infections Pathogenesis: Upper respiratory infections are very contagious and spread by inhalation of droplets containing the microorganism or hand to hand contact and then spread to the epithelial layers of the upper respiratory tract. Causative Agents: Most upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses and are the most common of human infections worldwide. Bacterial infections can occur in the upper respiratory tract and are usually the result of group A streptococcus and outside of the United States corynebacterium diptheriae is a major pathogen. Abscesses can develop as a result of infections of deeper tissues of the mucosal sites like peritonsillar abscesses, retrotonsillar abscesses, and retropharyngeal abscesses. Disease Viruses Bacteria and Fungi Rhinitis Rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus Rare Pharyngitis or tonsillitis Adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses, rhinoviruses, herpes simplex virus Group A streptococcus, corynebacterium diptheriae Peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscesses None Group A streptococcus, Fusobacterium, species, Staphlococcus aureus [i]

History of Physics :: Science Scientific Physics Essays

History of Physics Physics began when man first started to study his surroundings. Early applications of physics include the invention of the wheel and of primitive weapons. The people who built Stone Henge had knowledge of physical mechanics in order to move the rocks and place them on top of each other. It was not until during the period of Greek culture that the first systematic treatment of physics started with the use of mechanics. Thales is often said to have been the first scientist, and the first Greek philosopher. He was an astronomer, merchant and mathematician, and after visiting Egypt he is said to have originated the science of deductive geometry. He also discovered theorems of elementary geometry and is said to have correctly predicted an eclipse of the sun. Many of his studies were in astronomy but he also observed static electricity. Phythogoras was a Greek philosopher. He discovered simple numerical ratios relating the musical tones of major consonances, to the length of the strings us ed in sounding them. The Pythagorean theorem was named after him, although this fundamental statements of deductive geometry was most likely first an idea from Egyptian methods of measurements. With the help of his followers he discovered that the earth was a sphere, but he did not believe it revolved around the sun. Democritus was the leader of a group called Atomists. Although they were unable to prove that matter was made up of small particles, they were the first to come up with the idea. Democritus believed that atoms differed in size, shape, and movement but were all made of the same substances. Aristotle was the most important scientific philosopher in Greece. He believed that all matter on earth consisted of four pure substances or elements, which were earth, air, fire, and water. He also believed that the earth was the centre of the universe, and that anything beyond the earth consisted of a fifth pure substance called quintessence. Archimedes was an inventor and mathematician, who discovered several basic scientific principles and developed a number of measuring techniques. Ptolemy was an Egyptian astronomer. He developed a model for predicting the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets. Like Aristotle, he believed that the earth was the center of the universe. Between 400 AD. a nd 1000 AD. Most educated people in Western Europe looked to religion rather than scientific investigation to answer their questions about the laws of nature.

Great Awakening Essay

The Great Awakening, which found its beginnings in 1740, was the first event to effectively influence all of the British colonies. In recent years religion had become complacent, and many people were going to church, but not really benefitting from the teachings. Going through the motions and acting like they were gaining something out of it was the main thought of the time. During this time, strong minded evangelists emerged and began preaching with fire-and-brimstone on their tongues; declaring the only way to find salvation was through conversion. This spirited revival became what is known as the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening empowered people to begin thinking on their own, making their own decisions, which brought them closer in relationship with God. The Great Awakening is believed to be one of the reasons the colonists lost favor with the British Empire, and gave rise to the beginnings of the American Revolution. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening had its beginnings in the American colony of New Jersey. Frelinghuysen and Gilbert Tennent are recognized as the first to organize the Awakening. Frelinghuysen, a Dutch pastor raised in the Dutch reformed churches, began teaching the necessity of deep transformation in the 1720’s. Tennent followed his father when he continued organizing the â€Å"log colleges† where many young evangelists received their start in ministry. The works of these two men caused the spark, which ignited the great rivals of the 18th century. In 1734, the Great Awakening continued to spread into the Massachusetts, where a young preacher named Jonathan Edwards pursued it with a passion. Edwards became a well-known pastor, and through his intense sermons the Holy Spirit caused the conversion of many of his followers and non-followers. Another well-known preacher was a young man named George Whitefield. He arrived in the colonies in 1738, and by 1739 began his powerful preaching. Between 1739 and 1741 he began his most noteworthy and powerful ministry in the Americas. He had a voice that reached thousands, and his sermons led many to rise from their seats weeping and convulsing. Many achievements owe its foundation to the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening made it possible for young men to pursue their life’s quest in the ministry of God. It allowed people to think on their own and make decisions based on their own reasoning causing people to remember the exact time and  date they were converted. Another major outcome of the Great Awakening was its profound effect on education. Many well-known universities, Princeton and Dartmouth for example, came into being through the works of the great evangelists. In the wake of all the good the Great Awakening accomplished, many controversies arose too. Many of the clergy condemned many ministers who were considered unconverted, and this included people of the congregation as well. Many of their differences caused denominations to split, especially when the new age evangelists collided with the old age. The Great Awakening continued to thrive until the onset of the revolution. Baptist and the First Great Awakening During the Great Awakening the Baptists arrived late, partly because of the New England establishment of churches they belonged to. The two main figures responsible for the Baptist accepting the Great Awakening was Shubal Stearns and Daniel Marshall. In 1755, the Stearns and Marshall families traveled to the Colony of North Carolina and established the Sandy Creek Baptist Church, which became the mother for some forty additional churches in the region. In 1755, all were committed to the enthusiastically religion of the Separate Baptist, or Go-spellers, with its emotional preaching and religious experience. The Marshalls laid the ground work in ministry, especially when it came to the Native Americans. Following Daniel Marshall’s ordination, many Baptists refused to participate in their ideals because they believed that women were allowed to assemble and conduct public prayer meetings when men were present. In 1770, a woman by the name of Margret Meuse Clay was among many Baptists arrested and put on trial for unlicensed preaching. While the men were whipped for their guilt, Margret was pardoned when an unknown man paid her fine. Another Baptist group emerging from the Great Awakening was the Regular Baptist. They originated in Charleston, SC, and they were among the social elite. They believed in orderly worship and educated ministry. Both groups believed in experiencing conversion, but their views differed on acceptance. The Separate Baptist believed in enthusiastic outburst, while the Regular Baptist believed this to be confusing, and God disapproved on confusion. The Baptist continued to grow and expand out West where they participated in many revivals growing churches out of mass conversions. Fathers of the Great Awakening Theodorus Frelinghuysen The Great Awakening introduced many evangelists to the scene but it was Theodorus Frelinghuysen, who is credited with starting the Great Awakening. He grabbed the reins and ran, assuming the lead role in the middle colonies. Frelinghuysen was born in 1691 and was the son of a Dutch reformed pastor. He is credited with beginning new congregations in the American colony of New Jersey, and by the mid-1700s, his congregation grew to be the second largest next to the Presbyterian Church. He was a firm believer in institutionalizing school systems, largely for the illiterate and the frontier families. He was an early advocate of reform within the church, and when he delivered his first sermon in America, he upset a few of his parishioners and a petition was signed seeking his removal from the church. Frelinghuysen stood up to the charges and defeated them. He continued to inspire the religious awakening within the church causing the Great Awakening to explode. Frelinghuysen preached on the basis of emotional experience and a conversion of personal faith. It is not known when Frelinghuysen passed away, but as for the Great Awakening, he is credited for being the instrument of faith that led other reformers in establishing themselves as great evangelists. George Tennent Born in Ireland in 1703, George Tennent was a key leader in the development of the Great Awakening. He preached on religious conversion based on personal experiences. Tennent, after receiving advice from Frelinghuysen on how conversion saves the soul, made evangelism the centerpiece of his ministry. In the 1730s, he continued his father’s work with the â€Å"Log College,† and by doing this, secured many young men into devoting their lives to the work of ministry. In 1735, Tennent met and began traveling with George Whitefield, and they set off on a preaching tour of New England. By the end of 1739, Tennent and Whitefield parted ways but Tennent continued his one-man crusade preaching throughout New Jersey and Maryland. By the 1740s, Tennent acquired the reputation as being a powerful preacher. Whitefield contacted Tennent again in the late 1740s, and asked him to preach in front of his congregation. This time Tennent was a seasoned  minister and atop on his career, so he gladly accepted, and for three months straight he delivered intense sermons, placing so much fear in the minds of the congregation, especially when he spoke of the eternal damnation. Tennent was often ridiculed by church officials, and he gladly responded to them by comparing them to Scribes and Pharisees of the New Testament. Tennent died in 1764, as pastor of the 2nd Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards was one of the most influential evangelists of the early colonial times, his fiery sermons of the 1730s and 1740; still have remarkable influence on the evangelist of today. Edwards was born into a deeply religious family in the year 1703, and his family background is one of great importance. His grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, was a stern fire-and-brimstone type evangelist. In 1677, Stoddard founded a congregation that was eager to listen to his words and moved the church into a different direction. He extended the scope regarding infant baptism, and began allowing anyone to partake in the Lord’s Supper regardless of their faith. Solomon Stoddard had a great influence on his grandson that would last his entire life. Edwards, in his essay â€Å"Personal Narrative,† traced his religious background to when he was nine or ten years old. During this time, he became very concerned with the soul’s salvation. This concern allowed him to seek solitude where he prayed and meditated and sought the company of other boys who had the same likeness he had. In 1716, at the age of thirteen, his interest, for religion grew, and he was accepted to the Collegiate College of Connecticut. His classes were very challenging, but in 1720 he graduated. The following years were very troubling for Edwards, and he began keeping a diary of his everyday life. In 1723, he made a notation describing his feeling toward his walk with God. He felt he was not living as a born-again Christian, and decided to rededicate his life to God. In 1729, Solomon Stoddard passed away, and Edwards inherited his congregation, but the church had strong ties with Stoddard, and Edwards found himself in a spiritually declining church. He decided to redirect the spiritual interest of the church, and found himself criticizing his grandfather, which led to his removal. By the 1730s, Edwards career was in full swing. He found his calling through the gospels, and he set off devoting himself to awakening  North Hampton to its true spiritual origin. Edwards delivered such powerful sermons such as â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† which emotionally impaired the congregation, raising them from their seats and crying hysterically. In a sermon describing eternal damnation, many people contemplated suicide rather than facing their own sin. Within a few years, the results of his devotion would permanently change America’s religious history. Edwards began hearing about the teachings of George Whitefield, and in 1740 invited him to North Hampton. When Whitefield met Edwards, he described him as weak in the body but spiritually sound. Edwards did not believe Whitefield would be accepted, but during his first sermon, which described the town’s feelings, the entire congregation wept including Edwards. Following Whitefield’s departure, Edwards saw a profound change in the town’s attitude and wrote Whitefield telling him of this transformation. Edwards saw intense conversions from people, who used to struggle with the Spirit of God, but through their faith found peace with God. In 1751, Edwards took a position in Stockdale as a missionary to the Mohawk Indian Tribe. Though he was met with numerous attacks, he succeeded in his duties, and the Indian School stabilized under his leadership. During the final years of the 1740s, Edwards began focusing on the doctrine of original sin, which his views caused great discernment with fellow New England clergymen. In his book, â€Å"Freedom of the Will,† he commented on the evil men do, but they also do good. Edward’s views on sin were greatly expressed when he compared a man’s sinful heart with removing a candle from a lighted room. Jonathan Edwards died on March 22, 1758, following a vaccination for small pox. He last words were, â€Å"Trust in God, and Ye need not fear†(Gura). George Whitefield George Whitefield was a charismatic preacher, who began touring the American colonies in 1740. His sermons attracted huge crowds, leaving no space for people to sit down. He was the founder of the emotional revival tradition that changed the course of the religious history in the United States. George Whitefield was born in Gloucester, England in the year 1714, and by the time he graduated college he was ordained a deacon with the Church of England. He was closely associated with John and Charles Wesley and became very passionate of their missions in the colony of Georgia, but when the  Wesley’s left the colonies, Whitefield vowed nothing was going to keep him from doing God’s work in the colonies, so he left England on the first of several trips to the American colonies. After a year-long absence, he returned to England and was ordained a priest, which would give him more prestige when he returned to Georgia. Trouble began for Whitefield when the Bishop of England, Edmund Gibson, began criticizing him for his beliefs in Divine Guidance and his judgment of others. Whitefield responded to these charges by denouncing the Anglican Clerics as lazy and pleasure-seeking. Following the attacks by Gibson, Whitefield traveled back to the colonies and began his most successful evangelical tour. He traveled up and down the east coast, and everywhere he went large crowds followed, and his reputation as a God sent messenger preceded him. In 1740, one of his biggest followers, Jonathan Edwards, wrote him a letter inviting him to North Hampton to speak to its citizens. Whitefield’s sermons were so passionate the townspeople began weeping in their seats. Following his departure, Edwards saw a dramatic change occur within his congregation and wrote a letter to Whitefield telling him of the transformation. Between the years of 1739 and 1741, Whitefield’s sermons began a powerful movement known as the Great Awakening, and several denominations cooperated with his teachings, except for his own Anglican colleagues. During this time, he began publishing several journals attacking those closest to him. In 1741, he attacked Wesley by publishing a journal criticizing the Arminianism manifest in John Wesley’s sermon â€Å"Free Grace.† Even though he criticized John Wesley, they maintained a close friendship. Whitefield continued in his revival, and thousands came from the British Isles and American colonies to hear his fiery sermons. He was a supporter of many charitable causes, and in 1740, he established an orphanage in Savannah, GA and a school for African-Americans; in doing this he hoped to awaken all of Christendom to a great and sweeping Christian revival. George Whitefield died of heart failure following an open-air sermon on September 30, 1770. Conclusion The First Great Awakening did more than just cause people to fall into the church aisles or prompt them to coming forward to an alter call. It filled evangelicalism with a strong social and missionary impulse. It brought an end to the Puritan conception of society as a beneficial union of  ecclesiastical and public life. The leaders called for purity in the churches, even if it meant destroying the close union of church and state. The Great Awakening brought increase in church membership, and created a more democratic spirit within the townships and communities. It took on various humanitarian duties as well. It helped in the development of numerous colleges such as, Princeton and Dartmouth Universities. It preserved the relationship between the American colonies and the Native Americans. The Great Awakening will be one of the biggest turning points in American history, and be felt for generations to come.

Civility - 644 Words

Contemporary Moral Issues: (In) Civility as a Moral Issue Our primary focus this semester is Civility, or lack thereof, as a moral issue. Though written centuries apart, the two books under review share a common base i.e. optimism for the betterment of society. Plato in The Republic speaks about the ideal virtues of the soul and Davetian goes on to tell us the current problems with American civility. I think what we can take from both readings is a sense that human intellect and virtue can and will ultimately lead us to a better society. To fully understand the basic concepts of societal values that should be understood, and in turn followed, The Republic (Plato, Reprinted 1985) is an important piece of literature. Written almost as a†¦show more content†¦Warriors play their role in defending their city, and are called auxiliaries. 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